Hailstone Numbers

A Hailstone Number is a number relating to a sequence of integers that go up and down like a Hailstone in a cloud before it eventually falls to the ground.  A hailstone number will eventually reach 1 before becoming stuck the short sequence of 4,2, 1.

One possible hailstone method is:

1. Choose any positive integer;
2. It will be either even or odd.  
3. If it is odd, multiply by 3 and add 1.  
4. If it is even, divide by two.  
5. This will give you a new number.  
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 until the process reduces to 1 and you can stop the process.  
7. Count how many steps it takes to reach 1.  

It can be described using Pseudo Code in the following way:

READ number (positive integer)
SET steps = 0
WHILE number != 1
  IF number is odd THEN
    number = (number * 3) + 1
  ELSE
    number = number / 2
  steps = steps + 1
OUTPUT steps

Your Task

Write a program to perform these calculations and find answers to the following questions:

1. Do all numbers reach 1?  In other words, are all numbers hailstone numbers?
   
2. Can you find any numbers that take a long time to reach 1?  (say a thousand steps?)
   
3. What happens if you change the rules?  You may find another interesting property of numbers.
   

Credit Blundell@MonktonCoombe